王悦之

王悦之画作

王悦之，生于台湾台中顶桥子头。原名刘锦堂。1915年赴日本留学，初入川端画学校，继入东京美术学校西洋画科。1921年东京美术学校毕业，入北京大学文学院学习，任国立北京美术学校西画教授。1922年与李毅士、吴新吾、王子云等组织北京第一个研究西画的团体，“阿博洛学会”，并创办“阿博洛美术研究所”，招收学生，教授西画。1924年任北京政府教育部部员。筹办私立北京美术学院，受聘担任北京大学造型美术研究会导师。1926年任北京政府侨务顾问，并任台湾研究会会长。1928年任国立西湖艺术院西画系主任、教授。受当时教育部聘请，任全国美术展览会筹备委员、审查委员，并任西湖博览会筹备委员。1929年由杭州返北平，在北平青年会举办个人画展。1930年任私立京华美展校长。续办私立北平美术学院，任院长。兼任北平大学艺术学院(后改国立北平艺专)教授。1934年私立北平美术专科学校改校名为私立北京艺术科职业学校，仍任校长。1937年3月15日在北平病逝，终年43岁。曾参加20年代全国美展、30年代法国巴黎国际博览会。出版画册有：《王悦之画集》。
王悦之是20世纪早期油画的代表人物之一，他的作品关注平民百姓和普通生活。《弃民图》、《亡命日记图》等，以真实的视角刻画处于社会下层的人物，表达了画家的人文情怀。他的油画尤其是人物作品常采用中国式的立轴构图，以油画材料在绢本上创作，线描与工笔重彩结合油画，体现出中国艺术传统的神韵与气质。有评论家称他是“西画民族化探索的第一人”。王悦之在反映现实生活和融合中西绘画等方面的成就，在中国现代美术史上居于先驱者的地位。
王悦之青年时期赴日本求学，1920年回国，1922年夏天，王悦之与北京美术学校的几位教授和校外的西画家李毅士、吴新吾等组织了北京第一个研究西画的团体阿波罗学会。这个阶段是王悦之回国后的第一创作时期，出品相当丰富，不下三十余幅。其中代表作有油画《镜台》、《摇椅》、《女像》、《自画像》等。
1928年，王悦之出任西湖艺术院西画系主任，并受大学院(即南京政府教育部)聘请担任第一届全国美术展览会筹备委员、审查委员，还受聘担任西湖博览会筹备委员。在西湖艺术院中西画教授竟相创作的气氛影响下，王悦之兴致勃勃地拿起画笔，按照自己思索多时的路子，而对秀丽动人的湖光山色，逐日进行水彩风景画写生，并以自己的情怀和诗作为题材，以西湖风光为背景，进行油画创作。在杭州这一年，是王悦之的第二创作时期，共出品油画、水彩画六十余幅。代表作有：油画《芭蕉图》、《七夕图》、《灌溉情苗图》、《荡桨》、《燕子双飞图》等，水彩画《保叔塔》、《白堤》、《苏堤》、《自画像》等。这一时期的作品出现了两个显著变化。一是画风的变化。他的水彩画继续以前的画法，而线条更加别致，色彩更加单纯，构图简洁洗练，透明感很强，具有南画的风味。他的油画则多半改为高一米七八宽几十厘米的竖幅，采用中国画的线描法，大量使用黑油彩，显得轮廓很重又不失立体感。二是题材方面的变化。第一期作品虽然很有生活气息，但缺乏情节。第二期作品则富有情节。
王悦之一面致力于美术教育事业，一面坚持创作。在1930年底至1931年初，创作了大幅油画《亡命日记图》。这幅作品无论内容还是手法，都表明画家的创作达到一个新的高度。在表现手法上，用画家自己的话说，这是一幅“极端写实主义之作”。完成这幅力作之后，王悦之开始一个新的试验—用绢作画。
1934年夏天，他以台湾籍民的身份，创作了大幅绢本油画《台湾遗民图》，此作是王悦之以台湾为题材直接反映现实的作品。这幅作品的技法，又有新颖别致之处。画家将油画、图案画、中国画的技法和谐地结合起来，画的既是油画，又有中国画的古风，也有东洋画的韵味。他利用衣服图案纹理的走向变化，来表现人物身躯的立体感；利用衣服的不同色调和图案，来表现人物的层次，形成整个画面的立体感。而这一切，都是用中国狼毫笔蘸稀油彩在绢本上细密地完成的。此作的成功，使王悦之在油画民族化的实验上又前进了一步。
从1930年到1934年，是王悦之的第三创作时期，代表作有油画《北海公园一隅》、《科学与卵生》、《亡命日记图》、《台湾遗民图》、《弃民图》、《香山》、《北海塔》等，水彩画《王悦之自画像》、《并蒂牡丹》等。这一期的画风较杭州时期又有变化，人物由变形夸张转向写实，在西画民族化的道路上达到了新的高度。
王悦之探索油画民族化的情结与他年少时所受到的传统文化教养有深深的联系，正是他对传统艺术的热爱和了解，并以赤诚的民族情感，使他采取了立足于传统绘画美学，融合西方艺术之长，在中国近代探索油画“民族化”方面作出了杰出的贡献。

Of Wang Yue, be born at Taiwan Taichun to carry the bridge on the head child first. Bright and beautiful hall of original name Liu. Went to Japan to study abroad 1915, the school is drawn into plain end first, afterwards joins division of picture of West of Tokyo art school. Tokyo art school graduated 1921, learn into courtyard of Beijing University literature, school of national Beijing art draws a professor on the west. 1922 with the group that the constituent Beijing such as Li Yi person, Wu Xinwu, princely cloud studies the first times to be drawn on the west, "A Boluo learns " , establish " institute of A Boluo art " , recruit a student, the professor is drawn on the west. Held the post of Beijing government Ministry of Education 1924 ministry member. Make preparations private Beijing academy of fine arts, suffer hire hold the position of adviser of seminar of art of Beijing University modelling. Held the post of adviser of Beijing government affairs concerning nationals living abroad 1926, hold the post of Taiwan seminar chairman. Held the post of art of national west lake 1928 the courtyard draws department head, professor on the west. Suffer Ministry of Education is invited at that time, hold the post of countrywide art exhibition to prepare committee member, juror, hold the post of west lake exposition to prepare a committee member. Returned north to make the same score by Hangzhou 1929, in north smooth Y.m.c.a. holds individual art exhibition. Allowed to privately run capital beauty exhibits the president 1930. Add does private north to make the same score an academy of fine arts, hold the post of a dean. Hold north part-time to make the same score university art institute (hind change national north to make the same score art only) professor. Training school of smooth art of private 1934 north changes school name to be private Beijing artistic division vocational school, still assume the president. Made the same score in north on March 15, 1937 die of illness, all the year round is 43 years old. Ceng Can adds beauty of 20 time whole nation to exhibit, exposition of international of Paris of 30 time France. Publication an album of paintings has: " picture collect of Wang Yue " .
Of king Yue is one of delegate characters of 20 centuries inchoate canvas, his work pays close attention to civilian common people and average life. " abandon civilian plan " , " desperate diary pursues " etc, be in social lower character with true perspective depict, conveyed humanitarian feelings of the painter. His canvas especially the composition of a picture of vertical scroll of painting or calligraphy that character work often uses Chinese formula, create on silk scroll with canvas material, line drawing and traditional Chinese realistic painting characterized by fine brushwork and close attention to detail weigh colour to combine canvas, body reveals the verve with Chinese traditional art and temperament. Essayist weighs him is " the first person that the nation draws to change exploration on the west " . Success of Wang Yue that reflecting the side such as real life and brushwork of shirt-sleeve Chinese and Western, be in China is contemporary the position that precursor is on on art history.
Period goes to Wang Yue's youth Japanese attend school, went back to the motherland 1920, spring 1922, of professor and a few outside school of Wang Yue with Beijing art school on the west painter Li Yi person, Wu Xinwu organization Apollo that organized Beijing to consider the first times to be drawn on the west learns. This phase is period of the first creation after going back to the motherland, manufacture quite rich, do not issue more than 30. Among them masterpiece has oil painting " dressing table " , " rocking chair " , " female picture " , " self-portrait " etc.
1928, of Wang Yue take up the post of west lake art the courtyard draws department head on the west, suffer university courtyard (namely Nanjing government Ministry of Education) invite hold the position of exhibition of art of the first whole nation to prepare committee member, juror, still suffer hire hold the position of west lake exposition to prepare a committee member. Below the atmosphere effect that in west lake art courtyard Chinese and Western draws a professor to be created unexpectedly, the ground takes Wang Yue's in spirits paintbrush, ponder the way of a long time according to oneself, pair of beautiful and moving the natural beauty of lakes and mountains, day-to-day have watercolour landscape paint from life, serve as subject matter with his feelings and poem, it is setting with west lake scene, undertake canvas is created. Be in Hangzhou one year this, be Wang Yue period of the 2nd creation, manufacture in all canvas, aquarelle more than 60. Masterpiece has: Canvas " banana pursues " , " the seventh evening of the seventh moon pursues " , " irrigate affection Miao Tu " , " swing paddle " , " swallow Shuang Fei pursues " etc, aquarelle " Bao Shuda " , " Bai Di " , " Su Di " , " self-portrait " wait. The work of this one period appeared two marked change. It is the change that draws wind. His aquarelle continues the brushwork previously, and line is more chic, colour is more pure, composition of a picture is concise wash practice, transparent sense is very strong, have south the gust of the picture. His canvas criterion most instead is a meter tall 78 a few centimeters wide perpendicular, use the line drawing method that China draws, use black paint in great quantities, appear outline is very heavy do not lose stereo sense again. The 2 change that are subject matter respect. Although work of first phase has life flavor very much, but devoid clue. The 2nd period work is full of a clue.
Wang Yue's one side devotes oneself to art to teach a career, insist to create at the same time. 1930 the bottom comes at the beginning of 1931, created considerably canvas " desperate diary pursues " . This work no matter content or gimmick, the creation that makes clear a painter reachs a new height. On expressional gimmick, the word that uses him painter says, this is " of extreme realism make " . After finishing this master piece, of Wang Yue begin a new test, make a picture with thin silk.
Spring 1934, he with Taiwan the identity of book civilian, created considerably silk scroll canvas " Taiwan adherents of a former dynasty pursues " , this makes be Wang Yue reflect real work directly for subject matter with Taiwan. The ability law of this work, have novel and chic place again. The ability way that the painter paints picture of canvas, design, China is united in wedlock harmoniously rise, the since canvas of the picture, what have Chinese picture again is antediluvian, also have the lasting appeal that Dong Yang draws. He uses the trend variation of dress design grain, will behave the stereo feeling of person body; The different lubricious harmonic design that uses the dress, will behave the character's administrative levels, form the stereo feeling of whole picture. And all these, it is to use pen of Chinese a writing brush made of weasel's hair to dip in rare greasepaint finishs compactly on silk scroll. What this makes is successful, made one pace advances again on experiment of Wang Yue that changes in canvas nation.
Arrive from 1930 1934, be Wang Yue period of the 3rd creation, masterpiece has oil painting " corner of park of the North sea " , " science and oviparous " , " desperate diary pursues " , " Taiwan adherents of a former dynasty pursues " , " abandon civilian plan " , " sweet hill " , " tower of the North sea " etc, aquarelle " Wang Yue's self-portrait " , " and peony of the base of a fruit " wait. The picture wind of this first phase relatively Hangzhou period has change again, character by be out of shape hyperbole changes direction realistically, new height was reached on the way that picture nation changes on the west.
The traditional culture culture that Wang Yue's exploration gets when the complex that canvas nation changes and he is junior has deep connection, be he is artistic to the tradition have deep love for and understand, and the ethical affection with absolute sincerity, make he adopted base oneself upon to draw at the tradition aesthetic, the length of shirt-sleeve west art, in canvas of Chinese recent exploration " the nation is changed " the respect made crackajack contribution.